PSMECA(l) PSMECA(l)
NAME
psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps
SYNOPSIS
psmeca files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north [
-Btickinfo ] [ -Cpen ] [ -Ddepmin/depmax ] [ -Efill] [
-Gfill] [ -H[n] ] [ -K ] [ -L[pen] ] [ -M ] [ -N ] [ -O ]
[ -P ] [ -S<symbol><scale>[/d]] [ -Tnum_of_plane[] ]
[ -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [-Xx-shift ] [ -Yy-shift ]
[-Zcptfile] [ -z ] [ -a[<size>[P_symbol>[T_symbol]]] ] [
-gfill ] [-efill ] [ -o ] [ -ppen ] [ -tpen ] [ -:]
[-ccopies ]
DESCRIPTION
psmeca reads data values from files [or standard input]
and generates PostScript code that will plot focal mecha-
nisms on a map. Most options are the same as for psxy.
The PostScript code is written to standard output.
ARGUMENTS
files List one or more file-names. If no files are given,
psvelomeca will read standard input.
-J Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree,
1:xxxxx, or width in UNIT (upper case modifier).
UNIT is cm, inch, or m, depending on the MEA-
SURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults, but this can be
overridden on the command line by appending the c,
i, or m to the scale/width value.
CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
-Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
-Jmscale (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as ori-
gin)
-Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and
standard parallel)
-Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator -
point and azimuth)
-Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator -
two points)
-Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator -
point and pole)
-Jqlon0/scale (Equidistant Cylindrical Projection
(Plate Carree))
-Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equa-
tor as y = 0)
-Jtlon0/lat0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, set
origin)
-Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
-Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)
AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jalon0/lat0/scale (Lambert).
-Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
-Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
-Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
-Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)
CONIC PROJECTIONS:
-Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
-Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
-Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)
MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
-Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
-Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
-Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
-Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
-Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
-Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
-Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)
NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jp[a]scale[/origin] (polar (theta,r) coordinates,
optional a for azimuths and offset theta [0])
-Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]] (Linear, log,
and power scaling)
More details can be found in the psbasemap man-
pages.
-R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of
interest. To specify boundaries in degrees and min-
utes [and seconds], use the dd:mm[:ss] format.
Append r if lower left and upper right map coordi-
nates are given instead of wesn.
-S Selects the meaning of the columns in the data file
In order to use the same file to plot cross-sec-
tions, depth is in third column. Nevertheless, it
is possible to use "old style" psvelomeca input
files without depth in third column using the -o
option.
-Sascale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richard convention.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
"beach ball", which will be proportional to the
magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 in
inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). Use the
-T option to render the beach ball transparent by
drawing only the nodal planes and the circumfer-
ence. The color or shade of the compressive quad-
rants can be specified with the -G option. The
color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be
specified with the -E option. Parameters are
expected to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter-
changes order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6: strike, dip and rake in degrees
7: magnitude
8,9: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 8 and 9 will plot the
beach ball at the longtiude, latitude given in
columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).
10: Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
-Scscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention. scale
adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach
ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude.
Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0 =
4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is
appended). Use the -T option to render the beach
ball transparent by drawing only the nodal planes
and the circumference. The color or shade of the
compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G
option. The color or shade of the extensive quad-
rants can be specified with the -E option. Parame-
ters are expected to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter-
changes order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6: strike, dip, and rake of plane 1
7,8,9: strike, dip, and rake of plane 2
10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm
12,13: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using (0,0) in columns 11 and 12 will plot
the beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in
columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
order of columns (1,2) and (12,13).
14: Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
-Smscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Seismic moment tensor (Harvard CMT, with zero
trace). scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of
the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the
magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5
(that is scalar seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-cm)
in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). (-T0
option overlays best double couple transparently.)
Put -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the
only double couple part of moment tensor. Put
-Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic
part of moment tensor (zero trace). The color or
shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
with the -G option. The color or shade of the
extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the fol-
lowing columns
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter-
changes order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9:
mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-
cm
10: exponent
11,12: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in
columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
13: Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
-Spscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both
planes. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of
the "beach ball"
, which will be proportional to the magnitude.
Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 in inch (unless
c, i, m, or p is appended). The color or shade of
the compressive quadrants can be specified with the
-G option. The color or shade of the extensive
quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter-
changes order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5: strike, dip of plane 1
6: strike of plane 2
7: must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
8: magnitude
9,10: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in
columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
11: Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
-Sxscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Principal axis.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
"beach ball", which will be proportional to the
magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5
(that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm)
in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). (-T0
option overlays best double couple transparently.)
Put -Syscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot
the only double couple part of moment tensor. Put
-Stscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot zero
trace moment tensor. The color or shade of the
compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G
option. The color or shade of the extensive quad-
rants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter-
changes order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of
T, N, P axis.
13: exponent
14,15: longtiude, latitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in
columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
16: Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
OPTIONS
No space between the option flag and the associated argu-
ments.
-B Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap
for details.
-C[pen][Ppointsize]
Offsets focal mechanisms to the longitude, latitude
specified in the last two columns of the input file
before the (optional) text string. A small circle
is plotted at the initial location and a line con-
nects the beachball to the circle. Specify pen
and/or Ppointsize to change the line style and/or
size of the circle. [Defaults: pen width = 1, color
= 0/0/0, texture = solid; pointsize 0].
-D depmin/depmax Plots events between depmin and dep-
max.
-Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually
white. Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b)
[Default is 255/255/255].
-Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention,
the compressional quadrants of the focal mechanism
beach balls are shaded. Set the shade (0-255) or
color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0].
-H Input file(s) has Header record(s). Number of
header records can be changed by editing your .gmt-
defaults file. If used, GMT default is 1 header
record.
-K More PostScript code will be appended later
[Default terminates the plot system].
-L[pen]
Draws the "beach ball" outline with pen attributes.
[Defaults width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture =
solid].
-N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside frame
boundary specified by -R [Default plots symbols
inside frame only].
-O Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a
new plot system].
-P Selects Portrait plotting mode [GMT Default is
Landscape, see gmtdefaults to change this].
-T[num_of_planes]
Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble
which is transparent. If num_of_planes is
0: both nodal planes are plotted;
1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
2: only the second nodal plane is plotted.
-U Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. User may spec-
ify where the lower left corner of the stamp should
fall on the page relative to lower left corner of
plot. Optionally, append a label, or c (which will
plot the command string.). The GMT parameters
UNIX_TIME and UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the appear-
ance; see the gmtdefaults man page for details.
-V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress
reports to stderr [Default runs "silently"].
-W Set default pen attributes.
[Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture =
solid].
-X -Y Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift). Prepend
a for absolute coordinates; the default (r) will
reset plot origin.
-Zcptfile
Give a color palette file and let compressive part
color be determined by the z-value in the third
column.
-z Overlay zero trace moment tensor.
-a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols.
Optionally specify size and (separate) P and T axis
symbols from the following: (c) circle, (d) dia-
mond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle, (p)point,
(s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. [Defaults:
0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]
-efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade
(0-255) or color (r/g/b). Default is white.
-gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the shade
(0-255) or color (r/g/b). Default black.
-o Use the psvelomeca input format without depth in
the third column.
-p[pen]
Draws the P axis outline using default pen (see
-W), or sets pen attributes.
-t[pen]
Draws the T axis outline using default pen (see
-W), or sets pen attributes.
-: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (lati-
tude,longitude) input/output. [Default is (longi-
tude,latitude)]. Applies to geographic coordinates
only.
-c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]
EXAMPLES
The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mech-
anism:
psmeca << END -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4 .br -Sc0.4 -H1 >!
test.ps
lon lat depth str dip slip st dip slip mant exp plon plat
239.384 34.556 12. 180 18 -88 0 72 -90 5.5 0 0 0
END
SEE ALSO
gmt(l), psbasemap(l) psxy(l)
REFERENCES
Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press,
1980.
Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman,
1980.
F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology,
Princeton, 1998, p.167.
Cliff Frohlich, Cliff'Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal
Lines for P, Sh and Sv'
Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, Jan-
uary-February, 1996
Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology,
Academic Press, 1995, p.384.
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flan-
nery, Numerical Recipes in
C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
AUTHORS
Genevieve Patau
CNRS UMR 7580
Seismology Dept.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
(patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr)
1 Feb 2002 PSMECA(l)