mail(1) mail(1)
NAME mail, rmail - send mail to users or read mail
SYNOPSIS mail [+] [-epqr] [-f file]
mail [-dt] person ...
rmail [-dt] person ...
Remarks: See mailx(1) and elm(1) for an enhanced user mail interface.
DESCRIPTION The mail command, when used without arguments, prints the user's mail, message-by-message, in last-in, first-out order.
For each message, mail prints a ? prompt and reads a line from the standard input to determine the disposition of the message. Commands that automatically proceed to the next message exit from mail if mail already on the last message.
Commands mail supports the following commands:
Go on to next message. Exit if already on last message.
+ Same as.
n Same as.
d Delete message and go on to next message.
p Print message again.
- Go back to previous message.
s [files] Save message in the named files (default is mbox), mark the message for deletion from the user's mailfile, and proceed to next message.
y [files] Same as s [files].
w [files] Save message without its header (the ``From ...'' line), in the named files (default is mbox), mark the message for deletion, and go on to next message.
m person ... Mail the message to each named person, mark the message for deletion, and go on to next message.
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mail(1) mail(1)
q Put undeleted mail back in the mailfile and stop.
EOT (Ctrl-D) Same as q.
x Abort. Leave original mailfile unchanged and stop.
!command Escape to the command interpreter and execute command.
? Print a command summary.
* Same as ?.
Command-Line Options The following command-line options alter printing of the mail:
+ Cause messages to be printed in first-in, first- out order.
-e Suppresses printing of mail and returns the exit value:
0 = Mail present 1 = No mail 2 = Other error
-p Prints all mail without prompting for disposition.
-q Causes mail to terminate if an interrupt is received. Normally an interrupt only causes the termination of the printing of the current message.
-r Same as +.
-f file Causes mail to use file (for example, mbox) instead of the default mailfile.
-t Causes the outbound message to be preceded by each person the mail is sent to. A person is usually a user name recognized by login (see login(1)). If a person being sent mail is not recognized, or if mail is interrupted during input, the file dead.letter will be saved to allow editing and resending. Note that dead.letter is regarded as a temporary file in that it is recreated every time needed, erasing the previous contents of dead.letter.
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mail(1) mail(1)
-d Causes mail to deliver mail directly. This isolates mail from making routing decisions, and allows it to be used as a local delivery agent. Typically this option is used by auto-routing facilities when they deliver mail locally.
When persons are named, mail takes the standard input up to an end- of-file (or up to a line consisting of just a .) and adds it to each person's mailfile. The message is preceded by the sender's name and a postmark.
To denote a recipient on a remote system, prefix person by the system name and exclamation mark (see uucp(1)). Everything after the first exclamation mark in person is interpreted by the remote system. In particular, if person contains additional exclamation marks, it can denote a sequence of machines through which the message is to be sent on the way to its ultimate destination. For example, specifying a!b!cde as a recipient's name causes the message to be sent to user b!cde on system a. System a then interprets that destination as a request to send the message to user cde on system b. This might be useful, for instance, if the sending system can access system a but not system b. mail does not use uucp if the remote system is the local system name (i.e., localsystem!user).
The mailfile can be manipulated in two ways to alter the function of mail. The other permissions of the file can be read-write, read-only, or neither read nor write to allow different levels of privacy. If changed to other than the default, the file is preserved, even when empty, to perpetuate the desired permissions. The file can also contain the first line:
Forward to person
which causes all mail sent to the owner of the mailfile to be forwarded to person. This is especially useful for forwarding all of a person's mail to a given machine in a multiple-machine environment. In order for forwarding to work properly the mailfile should have "mail" as group ID, and the group permission should be read-write.
rmail only permits the sending of mail. uucp uses rmail as a security precaution.
When a user logs in, the command mail -e can be used to detect the presence of mail, if any, and so indicate. When terminating, mail produces a notification message if new mail arrived while mail was running.
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES Environment Variables LC_TIME determines the format and contents of the displayed date and time strings.
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mail(1) mail(1)
If LC_TIME is not specified in the environment or is set to the empty string, the value of LANG is used as a default for each unspecified or empty variable. If LANG is not specified or is set to the empty string, a default of "C" (see lang(5)) is used instead of LANG. If any internationalization variable contains an invalid setting, mail behaves as if all internationalization variables are set to "C". See environ(5).
When set, the TMPDIR environment variable specifies a directory to be used for temporary files, overriding the default directory /tmp.
International Code Set Support Between HP-UX systems, single- and multi-byte character code sets are supported within mail text. Headers are restricted to characters from the 7-bit USASCII code set (see ascii(5)).
WARNINGS Conditions sometimes result in a failure to remove a lock file.
After an interrupt, the next message may not be printed. To force printing, type a p.
Lines that look like postmarks in the message (that is, ``From ...'') are preceded by >.
mail treats a line consisting solely of a dot (.) as the end of the message, except when the rmail -d command is used.
The maximum allowable line length in mail messages is BUFSIZ bytes as defined in /usr/include/stdio.h. If line length exceeds this limit, mail truncates the line starting at beginning-of-line, and uses only the trailing BUFSIZ characters.
Using two separate mail programs to access the same mail file simultaneously (usually inadvertently from two separate windows) can cause unpredictable results.
FILES /var/mail/*.lock Lock for mail directory dead.letter Unmailable text /tmp/ma* Temporary file $MAIL Variable containing path name of mailfile $HOME/mbox Saved mail /etc/passwd To identify sender and locate persons /var/mail Directory for incoming mail (mode 775, group ID mail) /var/mail/user Incoming mail for user; that is, the mailfile (mode 660, group ID mail)
SEE ALSO login(1), mailx(1), uucp(1), write(1).
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mail(1) mail(1)
STANDARDS CONFORMANCE mail: SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3
rmail: SVID2, SVID3
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